Which groups are protected under federal regulations (45 CFR 46) in Subparts B, C, and D?

Federal regulations under 45 CFR 46 provide specific protections for vulnerable populations involved in research to ensure their rights and welfare are safeguarded. Subpart B addresses pregnant women and fetuses, ensuring that any research involving these groups adheres to stringent ethical standards to minimize risks and enhance informed consent processes. Subpart C focuses on prisoners, recognizing the challenges they may face regarding voluntariness in participation and the potential for coercion. Subpart D specifically protects children, which is crucial given their limited capacity to consent and their need for additional safeguards in research.

In this context, the correct choice emphasizes the inclusion of pregnant women, prisoners, and children as key groups that require special consideration and protection under the federal regulations outlined in 45 CFR 46. These groups are identified as having specific vulnerabilities, making their protection paramount in research settings.