How should a researcher evaluate the risk of harm in a web-based survey of college students regarding sexual behavior?

Evaluating the risk of harm in a web-based survey, especially on sensitive topics such as sexual behavior among college students, requires a thorough understanding of both the magnitude and the probability of potential harm. The magnitude refers to the severity or seriousness of the harm that might be experienced by participants, while the probability assesses how likely it is that such harm could occur.

This dual consideration is fundamental in risk assessment. For instance, even if the probability of harm is low, a high magnitude of harm (such as psychological distress caused by invasive questions) could still warrant significant concern. Conversely, if the potential harm is minor but highly probable, this too needs to be carefully weighed. Thus, assessing both factors allows researchers to develop a comprehensive risk profile and implement appropriate safeguards to protect participants' well-being.

The other options, while they may play a role in context, do not specifically address the core elements of risk evaluation. The institution’s reputation can impact participants' trust but does not directly measure risk. The number of participants might influence statistical significance but does not inherently relate to individual risk. Lastly, the length of the survey may affect participant fatigue or attention but does not account for the type of questions being asked or the sensitive nature of the topics involved. Thus, focusing