CITI Assessing Risk - SBE Practice Test

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Census Data: Understanding Its Role as Public InformationCensus data published by the Census Bureau is considered what type of information?Clear risks and benefits: the key to informed participation in researchWhat is essential to ensure subjects make informed decisions about participation in research?How to Protect Respondents and Ensure Ethical Research in Online SurveysTo minimize harm in an online survey, a researcher should do which of the following?Learn how to handle conflicts of interest in research effectivelyHow should researchers handle conflicts of interest when the situation arises?Risks in social and behavioral science vary with time, situation, and cultureWhich statement accurately describes risks in social and behavioral sciences research?Understand the Key Role of an Institution's IRB in Research EthicsWhat defines the role of an institution's IRB?Understanding Autonomy and Its Role in Ethical Decision MakingWhat ethical principle relates to the obligation to treat individuals as capable of self-determination?Understanding Beneficence in Human Research EthicsHow can the principle of beneficence be applied in a study involving human subjects?Understanding Bias in the Peer Review Process for Research PapersWhat is a potential issue with the peer review process relating to conflicts of interest?Understanding Both Confidentiality and Privacy Violations in ResearchWhat represents both a breach of confidentiality and a violation of privacy in research?Understanding Confidentiality Breaches and Privacy Violations in ResearchWhat scenario represents both a breach of confidentiality and a violation of privacy?Understanding Emotional Risks in Research on Childhood AbuseWhat is a likely risk for subjects in a study focusing on coping mechanisms of adults who experienced childhood abuse?Understanding Exculpatory Language in Consent FormsWhat constitutes exculpatory language in a consent form?Understanding HHS Regulations: Key Insights into Subpart D and Research FundingTo which research does Subpart D of the HHS regulations apply?Understanding How Federal Regulations Define ChildrenHow are "children" defined according to federal regulations?Understanding How to Ensure Data AnonymityWhat process is used to ensure data anonymity?Understanding Humphreys' Ethical Missteps in the Tearoom Trade StudyHumphreys' actions in the Tearoom Trade study exemplify a violation of which principle?Understanding Informed Consent and Its Ethical Importance in ResearchWhat principle applies when a research proposal does not align with the original consent form?Understanding Informed Consent and the Belmont Principle of Respect for PersonsInformed consent is an application of which Belmont principle?Understanding IRB Oversight for Biography Projects like Bill GatesIf a researcher submits a biography project on Bill Gates to the IRB, what can they expect?Understanding Key Ethical Considerations in Research Involving Human SubjectsWhat is a crucial ethical consideration when conducting research involving human subjects?Understanding Limited Data Sets Under HIPAA: What You Need to KnowWhat does the term "limited data sets" refer to under HIPAA?Understanding medical vulnerability and why seriously ill patients can be at risk of exploitationSubjects with a serious illness may be at risk for exploitation due to desperation for a possible cure. This is an example of:Understanding Minimal Risk in Research According to Federal GuidelinesWhat is considered "minimal risk" in research according to federal guidelines?Understanding Risk Assessment in Web-Based SurveysWhen evaluating the risk of harm in a web-based survey about sexual behavior and drug use, which factors should be considered?Understanding the Belmont Principle of Justice and Its Importance in ResearchWhat is a key requirement of the Belmont principle of justice?Understanding the Belmont Report’s justice principle: fair outcomes in the selection of research subjectsAccording to the Belmont Report, what does the principle of justice require in research?Understanding the Best Time to Collect Data on Reading ComprehensionIn a research study of classrooms, when is it appropriate for investigators to collect data on reading comprehension?Understanding the complexities of parental permission in children's therapyWhat is a potential issue regarding parental permission in therapeutic settings for children?Understanding the Focus of Ethical Review in Human Subjects ResearchWhat is the focus of ethical review in research involving human subjects?Understanding the Importance of a Certificate of ConfidentialityWhat is the primary purpose of a Certificate of Confidentiality?Understanding the Importance of Annual Review for Research ProtocolsContinuing review of an approved research protocol must occur how frequently?Understanding the Importance of Confidentiality in Research StudiesWhat is a critical standard for maintaining confidentiality in research studies?Understanding the Importance of Context in Genetic Risk AssessmentWhich statement accurately reflects risk evaluation criteria in genetic studies?Understanding the Importance of De-Identifying Research DataWhy is de-identifying research data important?Understanding the Importance of Informed Consent in Research StudiesWhich of the following supports the ethical principle of autonomy in research studies?Understanding the Importance of Promptly Reporting Sensitive Information to the IRBWhat is the required timeframe for reporting an unanticipated problem involving sensitive information to the IRB?Understanding the Importance of Securing a Certificate of Confidentiality in ResearchIn a longitudinal study tracking children and illegal activities, what should be done to ensure confidentiality?Understanding the IRB's Insights on Human Subjects in ResearchWhich consideration supported the IRB's conclusion that the research did not involve human subjects?Understanding the Key Principles of the Belmont ReportWhat are the three principles discussed in the Belmont Report?Understanding the Key Principles of the Belmont Report for Ethical ResearchWhat are the three principles discussed in the Belmont Report?Understanding the Key Risks in Social and Behavioral ResearchWhat are the three general categories of risk of harm in social and behavioral sciences?Understanding the Key to Informed Consent in Online SurveysWhat is an essential component of the informed consent process for online surveys?Understanding the National Research Act of 1974 and Its Impact on Ethical ResearchThe National Research Act of 1974 established which of the following?Understanding the Nuances of Risks in Social and Behavioral Sciences ResearchWhich statement accurately reflects risks in social and behavioral sciences research?Understanding the Purpose of a Conflict of Interest Management PlanWhat is the aim of a COI management plan?Understanding the Role of Context in Risk Assessment for Sensitive ResearchWhich situation exemplifies the importance of time and context in assessing risk of harm in research?Understanding What Constitutes Research Involving Human SubjectsWhich of the following studies qualifies as research involving human subjects according to federal regulations?Understanding What Schools Can Share with Researchers Without ConsentWhich type of information can schools disclose to researchers without parental or student consent?Understanding When to Use the Expedited Review Process in ResearchWhen can the expedited review process be employed according to federal regulations?Understanding Who Must Disclose Financial Conflicts of Interest in ResearchWho is required to disclose significant financial conflicts of interest according to PHS regulations?What Defines a Human Subject in Research?What signifies that an individual is classified as a 'human subject' in research?What Researchers Need to Know About Confidentiality in Sensitive Focus GroupsWhat should researchers consider regarding confidentiality in sensitive focus group topics?When Researchers Need to Disclose Conflicts of Interest under PHS RegulationsWhen must researchers submit COI disclosures to comply with PHS regulation?
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  • If an elderly subject expresses interest in participating in a trial but lacks a signed consent due to their representative being unavailable, what is the best course of action?
  • Under which circumstance is it not appropriate to provide subjects with additional information post-study?
  • How is "genetic determinism" best defined?
  • Which ethical principle is primarily addressed by the need to avoid data breaches?
  • What do FDA regulations state regarding financial conflicts of interest?
  • Which study meets the definition of research with human subjects according to federal regulations?
  • How frequently must an IRB conduct continuing review of an approved protocol?
  • What must be reported if a researcher loses sensitive data due to theft?
  • Which additional safeguard may be important in a social and behavioral study?
  • What is the importance of de-identifying data in research?
  • Which scenario meets the federal definition of research involving human subjects?
  • Which statement regarding focus groups and confidentiality is accurate?
  • What happens if a researcher has a significant financial interest in a study?
  • Which scenario constitutes both a breach of confidentiality and a violation of privacy?
  • The Belmont principle of Justice emphasizes:
  • What is true about confidentiality in focus group discussions on sensitive topics?
  • How can researchers respond when their data files are compromised through theft?
  • Which of the following reflects the principle of beneficence in a study involving human subjects?
  • According to HHS regulations, which additional vulnerable population receives protections besides pregnant women and neonates?
  • Which scenario is an example of an institutional conflict of interest?
  • Which ethical principle emphasizes maximizing benefits and minimizing harms?
  • Which of the following studies qualifies as research with human subjects under federal regulations?
  • Under which condition is it appropriate to re-contact individuals who provided biological specimens?
  • What should researchers remember about posting survey links on social media platforms?
  • Which group includes individuals who may require additional protections in research according to federal regulations?
  • What is a key concept related to research ethics in this scenario?
  • What is a key characteristic of economic vulnerability in research subjects?
  • What defines human subjects according to federal regulations?
  • When must a continuing review of an approved and ongoing protocol take place according to regulatory standards?
  • Which Belmont principle was violated when burdens of serving as research subjects fell primarily upon poor patients, while benefits flowed to wealthier patients?
  • During an IRB meeting, how should a member handle a potential conflict of interest?
  • When can an IRB conduct an expedited review of a study?
  • What does the Belmont principle of respect for persons require from researchers regarding participants?
  • What does the incident of a stolen laptop containing patient identifiers represent?
  • If Investigator B does not have identifiers but uses coded biospecimens provided by Investigator A, is this human subjects research?
  • Which group is primarily responsible for reviewing and approving research protocols?
  • Which phrase in a consent form would exemplify exculpatory language?
  • Which of the following is considered a direct identifier in research?
  • According to the authors, which response contains the correct four common abuses that give rise to vulnerability?
  • Why can a researcher's membership on an advisory board create a conflict of interest (COI)?
  • During an Institutional Review Board (IRB) meeting, what should an IRB member with a potential conflict of interest do?
  • Which of the following best describes voluntary participation in research?
  • What was a notable result of the Beecher article?
  • What criterion would exclude a study from being considered as research involving human subjects?
  • Which study described below qualifies as research involving human subjects?
  • The principle of beneficence necessitates that:
  • Research may be eligible for exemption under federal regulations if it falls into how many categories of research activity?
  • In which scenario is providing subjects with missing consent information inappropriate?
  • Which concern is related to the Belmont Principle of Justice?
  • What type of research activity with children qualifies for an exemption under Category 2?
  • Which of the following defines the role of informed consent in research?
  • Your informed consent form must describe what aspect of the study?
  • What action can an IRB take regarding research that does not fit the federal definition of research?
  • Which of the following is an example of how the principle of beneficence can be applied to a study employing human subjects?
  • When assessing risk-taking behaviors, what type of behavior is observed in the study involving bike riders at an intersection?
  • Which of the following is a common ethical concern in behavioral research?
  • What condition must be met for an IRB to waive parental permission for research in schools?
  • What type of research should be conducted to avoid confidentiality breaches?
  • Which of the following regulations was raised to regulatory status by 45 CFR 46 in 1974?
  • A subject participates in a drug study because treatment is available at no or reduced cost, and he could not otherwise afford it. This is an example of:
  • What is a key question the Big State University IRB should ask regarding a study conducted in Chile?
  • What type of information does a medical record represent?
  • Which of the following is true regarding the rights of subjects in research?
  • In conducting research on prison "state families," why is recruiting through a lieutenant problematic?
  • What is true about the physician's study that reviews patient medical records intended for clinical treatment?
  • When is a "disclosure accounting" required under HIPAA?
  • What type of data was contained in the research file left in the car?
  • What does HIPAA's "minimum necessary" standard apply to in human subjects research?
  • Which confidentiality procedure protects against compelled disclosure in a study involving children and illegal activities?
  • What is the consequence of including exculpatory language in consent forms?
  • What is required for an IRB to approve research involving children?
  • What best describes the primary goal of pharmacogenomic research?
  • What consideration should a U.S. researcher keep in mind when obtaining informed consent in a non-U.S. setting?
  • What type of information is census data classified as?
  • Which of the following is a general requirement regarding informed consent?
  • What type of information is exemplified by a medical record?
  • What type of data may still be used without authorization under HIPAA?
  • What is the significance of informed consent in research?
  • Which ethical conviction is part of the principle of respect for persons?
  • What is the time frame for a continuing review of an approved study posing more than minimal risk?
  • When conducting international research, how should researchers approach cultural sensitivities?
  • For a web-based survey collecting information on sexual behavior and drug use among college students, what method should be used to evaluate risk of harm?
  • When an IRB is reviewing a research study, what should they consider regarding a potential subject population's vulnerability?
  • What must be included in an "assurance of compliance" with a U.S. federal agency?
  • In what year did the first federal regulations for human subjects research begin in the U.S.?
  • What is the primary purpose of a Certificate of Confidentiality?
  • Which characteristic is required in a HIPAA authorization?
  • For how long must an investigator retain consent documents, IRB correspondence, and research records?
  • What type of risk assessment is particularly important in studies involving sensitive topics?
  • What is the primary purpose of the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA)?
  • Under what condition is a researcher required to report an unanticipated problem to the IRB?
  • In a study focusing on coping mechanisms among adults who were abused as children, what is a likely additional risk for subjects?
  • In a study on coping mechanisms among adults who experienced childhood abuse, what additional risk might subjects face?
  • In terms of research ethics, what is a primary concern when sensitive data is lost or stolen?
  • Which of the following best describes the investigator's duty when a subject cannot give consent due to an emergency?
  • What is the term for management controls that are built into a research study?
  • Which scenario exemplifies research involving human subjects according to federal regulations?
  • Which statement about the relationship between an institution and its IRB(s) is accurate?
  • What is a fundamental component of informed consent in research?
  • According to ethical research guidelines, what is the ideal action a researcher should take to prevent data theft?
  • What is a key element for maintaining participant confidentiality in research studies?
  • In addition to pregnant women and neonates, which vulnerable population is provided additional protections under HHS regulations?
  • A study on background noise and concentration that includes a consent form is an example of which Belmont principle?
  • Identify an example where situation and time are critical for assessing research risk.
  • What constitutes identifiable private information in research?
  • Which activity is considered the least important in protecting human subjects in international research?
  • What is required for a study initially approved by a convened IRB regarding its review?
  • In which situation can amendments to an IRB-approved protocol be implemented without prior approval?
  • In what scenario must a heart attack post-focus group be reported to the IRB?
  • Which of the following studies is considered research with human subjects?
  • What best describes the situation when a researcher’s car containing research files is stolen?
  • What information source is considered public information by the Census Bureau?
  • Who is required to disclose significant financial conflicts of interest under PHS regulations?
  • Does an automobile accident two weeks after participating in research qualify as an unanticipated problem that needs to be reported?
  • The Belmont principle of beneficence requires that:
  • How should researchers handle data from sensitive populations to maintain ethical standards?
  • When may an IRB use expedited review for a new study?
  • Under what circumstance may educational assessments be conducted without parental consent?
  • As part of the consent process, what do federal regulations require?
  • What should an investigator do after discovering a serious, unanticipated adverse drug experience in a clinical research trial?
  • In research involving biological specimens for genetic testing, what issue is most critical for the IRB to consider?
  • Which of the following statements in a consent form is an example of exculpatory language?
  • According to NBAC, which of the following features is NOT associated with potential vulnerability?
  • Which groups are protected under federal regulations (45 CFR 46) in Subparts B, C, and D?
  • In social and behavioral sciences, risks of harm typically fall into which three categories?
  • Which method is preferred for managing sensitive information in research?
  • Which statement about prison research is true?
  • What should an investigator do if a new drug becomes available during a clinical study?
  • What must the IRB ensure when studying HIV-positive prisoners?
  • What potential issues can arise from the peer review process?
  • In a longitudinal study of children, what procedure helps protect against compelled disclosure of identifiable information?
  • Which of the following studies qualifies as research with human subjects according to federal regulations?
  • In considering the analytic approach by NBAC, which of the following is considered a high risk of harm?
  • The Belmont Report's principle of respect for persons includes the belief that:
  • In a research study conducted in Jamaica, are nurses engaged in research if they solely inform subjects about study availability?
  • Which statement about inducements in research is true?
  • In conducting research, what is a primary consideration for the principle of beneficence?
  • Which of the following is a component of the Nuremberg Code?
  • When can a waiver for documentation of informed consent be granted?
  • When is parental notification instead of active permission allowed?
  • What role do institution officials play in relation to IRB approvals?
  • Under federal regulations, human subjects are defined as living individuals from whom data is obtained through:
  • How frequently must an IRB conduct continuing review of an approved research protocol?
  • What is the significance of removing direct identifiers from data collected in research?
  • If a researcher wishes to add adolescents to a study initially involving adults, which statement is true regarding expedited review?
  • Which body is primarily responsible for enforcing HIPAA regulations?
  • If disclosure of a subject's involvement in a specific research study can be potentially harmful, what is the best course of action regarding informed consent?
  • In a research study, when are situation and time key factors in assessing risk of harm?
  • What is a unique risk associated with internet-based research?
  • Human subjects are defined as living individuals from whom an investigator obtains data through which means?
  • What should researchers consider when assessing the potential risks in participation for a study?
  • What aspect of the consent form was followed by the researcher?
  • To qualify for the expedited review, what is necessary regarding study procedures?
  • Under HHS and FDA regulations, what is the IRB responsible for?
  • Which regulation governs how researchers can access data about subjects' disciplinary status from academic records?
  • Which factor influences parental willingness to grant permission for their child's involvement in research?
  • Who determines the procedures for reporting potential unanticipated problems to the IRB?
  • Which of the following is NOT a principle outlined in the Belmont Report?
  • What should researchers avoid including in informed consent forms?
  • What is the primary purpose of informed consent in research studies?
  • Which population receives additional protections under HHS regulations alongside pregnant women and neonates?
  • What should be done if a participant in a study experiences an unrelated personal crisis?
  • What does obtaining a Certificate of Confidentiality ensure for researchers?
  • In conducting research with human subjects, what is a critical requirement for ethical compliance?
  • Where might student researchers find resources about the IRB approval process?
  • What do FDA regulations require regarding disclosure of individual conflicts of interest?
  • In research ethics, what does IRB stand for?
  • Which type of study would require Institutional Review Board (IRB) approval?
  • What should be maintained to handle the data collected from an online survey effectively?
  • When addressing potential data breaches, which is an essential first step?
  • Which event brought increased public attention to the problems with the IRB system?
  • Coercion in research can be described as:
  • Under which conditions may research with children be eligible for exemption under Category 2?
  • How should a researcher evaluate the risk of harm in a web-based survey of college students regarding sexual behavior?
  • How does thorough documentation contribute to ethical research practice?
  • When can the expedited review process be used according to federal regulations?
  • Which of the following best describes aggregated data in research?
  • When may a waiver for documentation of informed consent be granted?
  • What aspect of the peer review process may pose a conflict of interest?
  • Why is it essential to evaluate the risk of harm in research involving sensitive topics?
  • How can researchers protect sensitive data from unintended disclosure?
  • According to federal regulations, human subjects are defined as individuals from whom information is obtained through which of the following methods?
  • What type of study involves the enrollment of undergraduate students to assess mood effects on problem-solving behaviors?
  • What type of safeguard could be implemented in future studies to mitigate the risk of data theft?
  • Research is eligible for exemption under federal regulations if it falls into what criteria?
  • What is required to disclose PHI under HIPAA without authorization?
  • Can a researcher use de-identified biospecimens for a different study without re-consent from original subjects?
  • What is a "best practice" for informing respondents about the protection of their data in an online survey?
  • Which condition must be met for research to be eligible for exemption under federal regulations?
  • When asking sensitive questions in research, what should be prioritized to assess risk?
  • Why is it essential to describe all foreseeable risks in the informed consent form?
  • What should an investigator prioritize when dealing with an adverse event in a clinical trial?
  • What must researchers ensure when designing consent procedures for studies involving adolescents?
  • What must researchers avoid when gathering data from vulnerable populations, such as prisoners?
  • When a therapist proposes using data from children in a study, what concern about parental permission arises?
  • What enables research data to remain confidential in long-term studies?
  • What is the most helpful action if disclosure of a subject’s involvement in a study could be harmful?
  • The principle of respect for persons in the Belmont Report includes treating individuals as autonomous agents and ensuring:
  • What type of risk is specifically addressed in the expedited review process?
  • What is one way faculty researchers can avoid undue influence over student subjects?
  • What must researchers ensure when conducting studies involving human subjects?
  • What does undue influence relate to in the context of research participation?
  • Which example of research with prisoners is allowable under regulations?
  • Which is an example of a situation where deferential vulnerability might be a factor?
  • In what situation may a covered entity disclose PHI without authorization?
  • What type of consent is particularly challenging for vulnerable populations to provide?
  • Which of the following describes a research scenario that qualifies as involving human subjects?
  • Which study is most directly linked to the establishment of the National Research Act in 1974 and the Belmont Report for human subject protection?
  • Humphreys' data collection for the Tearoom Trade study exemplifies a violation of which principle?
  • For how long must an investigator maintain consent documents and study records after a study's completion?
  • What is an example of an individual financial conflict of interest?
  • What can officials of an institution do regarding the IRB's approval?
  • What is the primary goal of HIPAA in regards to research?
  • The requirement that benefits and burdens of research are equitably distributed expresses the principle of:
  • Under what circumstances does research with human subjects typically require IRB approval?
  • Which of the following amendments do NOT require prior IRB approval?
  • What is the main purpose of the expedited review process in research?
  • What type of review would a study collecting identifiable data from principals about disciplinary actions and their appropriateness be subject to?
  • Which example best illustrates the use of the internet as a research tool?
  • What best characterizes the incident of a researcher losing a file with aggregated data from a stolen car?
  • Which of the following represents a minimal risk in research?
  • Which types of discrimination does the Genetic Information Non-Discrimination Act (GINA) guard against?
  • In a longitudinal study collecting information on illegal activities, what confidentiality procedure helps prevent compelled disclosure?
  • Data are made anonymous by what method?
  • If a subject will be admitted to prison next week, what should the researcher do if the study wasn't approved for involving prisoners?
  • If a researcher leaves aggregated data in a stolen car, which statement best describes the outcome?
  • In a focus group dealing with sensitive topics, what is a true statement about participant confidentiality?
  • How can data be made anonymous in research?
  • What must researchers provide potential subjects in the consent process?
  • According to NIH expectations for genetic research, when is informed consent required?
  • How should an investigator respond after discovering a serious adverse event during a clinical trial?
  • Which aspect does HIPAA protect regarding health information used for research?
  • Identify an example where situation and time are key in assessing risk of harm in research.
  • In an emergency situation requiring a test article without consent, what is the best course of action for the investigator?
  • What is the primary ethical violation in the Harvard "Tastes, Ties, and Time (T3)" study?
  • What is the most accurate statement regarding risks in social and behavioral sciences research?
  • What can happen if a researcher fails to maintain confidentiality?
  • According to federal regulations, when can the expedited review process be utilized?
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