The requirement that benefits and burdens of research are equitably distributed expresses the principle of:

The principle of Justice in research ethics highlights the essential notion that both the benefits and burdens associated with research must be distributed fairly among all groups in society. This principle aims to ensure that no particular group bears an undue burden or does not receive potential benefits from the research. For example, if specific populations are targeted for clinical trials, they should also be able to access the benefits derived from any discoveries made as a result of that research. By advocating for equitable distribution, the principle of Justice seeks to promote fair treatment in research participation and outcomes, fostering trust and integrity in the research process.

In contrast, Autonomy refers to the right of individuals to make informed decisions about their participation in research. Validity pertains to the accuracy and reliability of research findings, ensuring that studies measure what they intend to measure. Beneficence focuses on the obligation to minimize harm and maximize benefits to participants. While these principles are also vital within the realm of research ethics, they do not specifically address the equitable distribution of benefits and burdens, which is the core of the principle of Justice.