What best describes the primary goal of pharmacogenomic research?

The primary goal of pharmacogenomic research is to evaluate the association between genotypes and drug efficacy. This field of study focuses on how an individual's genetic makeup affects their response to medications. By understanding the relationship between genetic variations and drug metabolism or effectiveness, researchers aim to tailor medical treatments to individual patients, ultimately leading to more personalized and effective healthcare.

The understanding gained from this research can help in predicting which patients may benefit from a particular drug, who might experience adverse effects, and how dosages can be adjusted based on genetic factors. This personalization can improve treatment outcomes and contribute to the goal of achieving precision medicine, which seeks to provide the right treatment for the right patient at the right time.

Other options may touch on relevant aspects of pharmacogenomics, such as racial and ethnic responses to drugs or the cost implications of genetic testing, but they do not encapsulate the central focus of pharmacogenomic research on the genotype-drug efficacy relationship. Understanding the fundamental genetic influences on medication response serves as a cornerstone of the field, guiding therapeutic decisions and improving patient care.