What represents both a breach of confidentiality and a violation of privacy in research?

The correct choice captures a situation where the integrity of both confidentiality and privacy is compromised. Sharing identifiable data about sensitive topics, such as sexual behavior, represents a significant breach because it involves disclosing information that can directly link individuals to their behaviors, thus violating the principles of confidentiality and privacy in research. Confidentiality entails protecting individuals' identities and the information they provide. By making identifiable data available to others, particularly in a context that could lead to stigmatization or harm, the researcher fails to maintain that critical trust.

In contrast, sharing de-identified data with third parties and reporting aggregate data without individual identifiers do not constitute breaches of confidentiality or privacy. These actions typically aim to protect individual identities while allowing for data analysis, thus maintaining ethical research practices. Publishing research findings without consent could violate privacy depending on the context and the sensitivity of the data; however, if the findings are sufficiently anonymized or aggregated, the privacy violation may not apply as strongly. The third choice distinctly highlights an explicit risk to individuals’ confidential and private information, making it the most illustrative example of the question asked.