Which of the following is a common ethical concern in behavioral research?

Ensuring anonymity and confidentiality of subjects is a fundamental ethical concern in behavioral research because it directly relates to the protection of participants' rights and privacy. When conducting research involving human subjects, researchers have a responsibility to safeguard sensitive information that could be disclosed. This is crucial in maintaining trust between participants and researchers, as well as in complying with ethical guidelines established by institutional review boards and professional organizations.

Anonymity ensures that participants' identities remain unknown to researchers and that data cannot be traced back to individual subjects, which is vital for sensitive topics that could lead to personal or social repercussions. Confidentiality involves protecting the data collected from participants so that it is accessible only to authorized individuals and used only for the purposes described in the informed consent process.

Focusing on ethical concerns like anonymity and confidentiality helps to promote ethical research practices, enhances the integrity of the study, and limits potential harm to participants. As such, this concern is central to the ethical conduct of behavioral research.