Which study meets the definition of research with human subjects according to federal regulations?

The choice that aligns with the definition of research involving human subjects is the experimental study on gender, stereotypes, and math performance. This study directly engages human participants to investigate their performance in relation to various factors, which is a fundamental characteristic of research involving human subjects as defined by federal regulations.

According to these regulations, research involving human subjects is typically defined as any systematic investigation designed to develop or contribute to generalizable knowledge that involves obtaining data through intervention or interaction with specific individuals. In this case, the experiment likely entails direct interaction, observation, or data collection from individuals regarding their performance, thus fitting the criteria.

The other options do not meet the same level of engagement with individuals. The request for statistics on women academics does not engage specific individuals in research but rather collects existing data. An in-house study on mentoring women students, while it may involve students, could vary in its methodology and may not always require human subject consideration if it does not involve systematic investigation or generalizable knowledge. Finally, secondary analysis of anonymized survey data typically involves data that has already been collected without identifying the individuals, which generally does not constitute research with human subjects in the context of requiring individual consent or risk assessment.