Which types of discrimination does the Genetic Information Non-Discrimination Act (GINA) guard against?

The Genetic Information Non-Discrimination Act (GINA) is specifically designed to protect individuals from discrimination based on their genetic information in two key areas: health insurance and employment. The law prohibits health insurers from denying coverage or charging higher premiums based on genetic predispositions or family medical history. Similarly, GINA prevents employers from using genetic information to make hiring, firing, or job promotion decisions. This protection is critical to ensure individuals feel secure in undergoing genetic testing without fearing the consequences that may arise from such information being misused.

While other types of discrimination may exist in various contexts, GINA's focus is primarily on safeguarding individuals in the realms of health insurance and employment, addressing the potential misuse of genetic information in these areas.